A | On Tuesday, Algeria celebrated 60 years of independence from France, holding a grand military parade in the capital of Algiers. The parade, presided over by Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, included military aircraft, tanks, and warships.,Tebboune said the celebrations "bear the meanings of loyalty to the martyrs, and to the eternal message of November" 1954, when the great uprising against French rule began.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaMilitary vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officialsMilitary vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,© AFP 2022 / RYAD KRAMDIAlgerian soldiers parade down a street in the capital Algiers on July 5, 2022, as the country celebrates the 60th anniversary of its independence.Algerian soldiers parade down a street in the capital Algiers on July 5, 2022, as the country celebrates the 60th anniversary of its independence.© AFP 2022 / RYAD KRAMDI,On July 5, 1962, Algeria stood at the end of a long and bloody war against French colonialism, which had ruled the country for 132 years. The war that led to Algeria’s independence was launched on All Saints Day in 1954, although there had always been resistance movements fighting for freedom. The call for revolution came just months after the humiliating defeat of the French Foreign Legion at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu that spelled the end of French rule in Vietnam and Laos.,However, the Algerian war was more personal for the French, as Algeria was a French department, not formally a colony, and was home to more than a million pieds noirs, or French settlers, who formed a separate caste of Algerian society above the Arabs and Imazighen.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaArmored vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Armored vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,© XinhuaAircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Aircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Xinhua,The French military waged a brutal war that included systematic torture against the Algerian revolutionaries, who responded with a guerrilla campaign punctuated with urban terrorist bombings. The formal French troops were complemented by irregular gangs of pieds noirs, who waged their own terror campaign against Arab towns. As the war raged on, desperate French military officers overthrew the government in Paris and abolished the Fourth Republic, creating a new constitution with a stronger executive and putting World War 2 military hero Charles de Gaulle in charge of it.,Still, French rule was not to last. The Algerian revolutionaries linked up with other peoples colonized by France across Africa, forming a network that jointly resisted French rule. Two years after they forced Paris into a humiliating referendum in which nearly every colony voted for independence, the Evian Accords in March 1962 granted freedom to Algeria beginning on July 5.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaAircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Aircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,An estimated 1.5 million Algerians were killed by French forces during the conflict. Last year, French President Emmanuel Macron said there would be "no repentance nor apologies" for French rule in Algeria, but that he would support a “memories and truth” commission to “take a lucid look at the wounds of the past” and find a path to reconciliation.,Macron has made similar half-gestures toward reconciliation with other African nations, such as Rwanda, which was not a French colony but in which France was strongly involved in 1994, when the genocide of Tutsis and Twa by the Hutu Power government began.。
B | KYIV, Ukraine -- Six people have been killed in Russian attacks on Ukraine in the past 24 hours, local officials reported Sunday.Two people were killed and three more injured in the Kherson area after more than 100 shells bombarded the region over the weekend, local governor Oleksandr Prokudin wrote on social media.Two guided bombs later hit key infrastructure in Kherson city, sparking a partial blackout and disruption to the area’s water supply, reported the head of the city’s military administration, Roman Mrochko.Local officials said two more people had died in the Donetsk area and that a 57-year-old man and a 54-year-old woman had been killed by an airstrike that destroyed their home in the Kharkiv region.Meanwhile, the Russian defense ministry announced Sunday that Ukraine had launched 27 drones in an overnight attack on western Russia.Officials said that 18 drones were shot down over the Kursk region, leading to speculation in the Russian press that the attack could have been targeting the nearby Khalino military airfield.Images on social media showed burning debris just 1.5 kilometers (a mile) from the airbase, which was previously attacked by Ukrainian forces at the end of September.Writing on social media, Kursk governor Roman Starovoit said that debris had fallen in the region’s namesake capital and the nearby village of Zorino. No casualties were reported.Officials also said that two more drones had been shot down over Russia’s Belgorod region, but did not confirm the fate of the remaining seven drones. Ukrainian media outlets later said that Kyiv’s forces had carried out a successful strike on Russia’s Krasnaya Yaruga electrical substation, close to the Ukrainian border.The reports cited an unnamed source from within Ukraine’s security services and included a video that appeared to show an aerial strike against an unidentified target.The Associated Press could not independently verify the reports.Moscow also said Sunday that it had intercepted a Global Hawk drone close to Russia’s Black Sea border.A Su-27 fighter was scrambled to intercept the drone, which turned away and ultimately did not cross into Russian airspace, the Russian defense ministry said in a statement on social media.。
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