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학생 19만명 줄었는데 이주배경학생은 8600명 늘었다…초등생 20명 중 1명_我的网站

A |     교육부 2026년 교육기본통계저출생으로 전체 학생 수가 빠르게 줄어드는 상황에도 이주 배경 학생은 오히려 증가하면서 학교의 학생 구성이 달라지고 있다. 전체 유·초·중·고교 학생은 1년 새 19만명 가까이 감소했고, 이주 배경 학생은 21만명을 넘어 역대 최대를 기록했다. 초등학생은 20명 중 1명 이상이 이주 배경 학생이다.교육부와 한국교육개발원이 26일 발표한 ‘2026년 교육기본통계’를 보면 지난 4월1일 기준 유치원과 초·중·고교 등의 학생 수는 536만2281명으로 지난해보다 18만9007명(3.4%) 감소했다. 특히 초등학생은 221만9370명으로 12만6118명(5.4%) 줄어 감소 폭이 가장 컸다. 중학생은 133만8750명으로 3만1606명(2.3%), 고등학생은 127만9392명으로 2만74명(1.5%) 각각 감소했다.반면 초·중·고교와 각종학교의 이주 배경 학생은 21만838명으로 지난해보다 8630명(4.3%) 증가했다. 전체 학생에서 이주 배경 학생이 차지하는 비율도 지난해 4.0%에서 4.3%로 높아졌다.초등학교의 이주 배경 학생 비율이 5.3%로 가장 높았다. 초등학생 약 20명 중 1명꼴이다. 이주 배경 초등학생은 11만8655명으로 1년 새 2054명(1.8%) 늘었다.이주 배경 학생 증가세는 중·고등학교에서 더 가팔랐다. 이주 배경 중학생은 5만3501명으로 지난해보다 2329명(4.6%) 늘었고, 고등학생은 3만7660명으로 4038명(12.0%) 증가했다. 전체 학생 중 이주 배경 학생 비율은 중학교 4.0%, 고등학교 2.9%였다.유형별로는 국내에서 태어난 국제결혼가정 학생이 13만8736명으로 전체 이주 배경 학생의 65.8%를 차지했다. 외국인 가정 학생은 5만8562명(27.8%), 중도 입국 학생은 1만3540명(6.4%)이었다. 부모 출신 국적별로는 베트남이 6만5247명(30.9%)으로 가장 많았고 중국(한국계 제외) 5만6288명(26.7%), 필리핀 1만7049명(8.1%) 순이었다.이주 배경 학생 증가세는 장기적으로도 뚜렷하다. 2021년 16만58명이었던 이주 배경 학생은 올해 21만838명으로 5년 사이 5만780명(31.7%) 늘었다. 같은 기간 유치원과 초·중·고교 등의 전체 학생 수는 595만7118명에서 536만2281명으로 59만4837명(10.0%) 감소했다.대학 등 고등교육기관의 외국인 유학생 증가 폭도 크다. 외국인 유학생은 30만7464명으로 지난해보다 5만4030명(21.3%) 늘어 처음 30만명을 넘어섰다. 지난해 처음 25만명을 돌파한 데 이어 1년 만에 30만명 선도 넘어선 것이다. 전체 외국인 유학생의 92.1%는 아시아 국가 출신이었다.베트남 출신 유학생은 9만6834명으로 지난해보다 2만1690명(28.9%) 늘어 전체의 31.5%를 차지했다. 중국 출신은 7만8890명(25.7%)으로 베트남에 이어 두 번째였다. 베트남 출신 유학생이 중국 출신을 넘어선 것은 올해가 처음이다. 2010년에는 중국 출신이 전체 외국인 유학생의 71.0%를 차지한 반면 베트남 출신은 2.3%에 불과했다.학생 수가 빠르게 줄어드는 것과 달리 교원과 학교 수의 변화 폭은 상대적으로 작았다. 유·초·중·고교 등의 교원은 50만5545명으로 지난해보다 594명(0.1%) 감소했다. 초등학교 교원은 1599명 줄었지만 중학교는 196명, 고등학교는 217명 각각 증가했다. 교원 1인당 학생 수는 유치원 8.5명, 초등학교 11.6명, 중학교 11.5명, 고등학교 10.0명으로 모든 학교급에서 전년보다 감소했다.학교 수는 2만233개로 전년보다 140개 줄었다. 감소분은 유치원에 집중됐다. 유치원은 167개 줄어 7973개가 됐고 초등학교는 1개 감소한 6191개였다. 반면 중학교는 9개 늘어난 3301개, 고등학교는 11개 늘어난 2398개였고 기타학교(특수·각종학교 등)는 8개 증가한 370개였다.。    Tensions between China and Taiwan boiled over last week after US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi ignored Beijing’s warnings and visited Taipei. Beijing reacted by launching large-scale military exercises, which disrupted global supply chains, as the foreign ministry warned that Taiwan’s reunification with China was historically inevitable.,The US does not officially recognize Taiwan’s independence, and supposedly embraces a "One China" policy, but Washington’s diplomatic relations and arms sales to the island have been condemned by Beijing for years. US lawmakers, adding fuel to the fire ignited by Pelosi, have been working on legislation that would provide Taiwan with $4.5 billion in security aid in addition to granting the island non-NATO ally status.,Four days before Pelosi’s trip, Chinese leader Xi Jinping in a phone call warned President Joe Biden that the US was "playing with fire," and now was not the time for a full-blown crisis over Taiwan.,In light of the current over-reliance on Taiwan, many companies within several sectors of the US economy would likely agree with Xi.,In a bid to reduce dependence on the island, the US government will be investing billions on projects to develop domestic semiconductor capabilities. However, former senior US diplomat Chas Freeman believes China may be better positioned in the long run to penetrate this highly-concentrated market in the race for microchip self-sufficiency.,"The United States still has the capacity and resources to out-compete China but it still has not done so," Freeman, who was President Richard Nixon’s translator during his 1972 visit to Beijing, told Sputnik. "On the contrary, 19 of the world’s 20th fastest growing semiconductor companies are now in mainland China and none are in the United States.",US Vulnerabilities Run Abroad and Deep,Last year, the US economy lost $240 billion due to the global microchip shortage, and a war over Taiwan would be even more devastating for the United States due to its dependence on one single supplier: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world’s largest chip foundry.,TSMC accounted for more than half of the $100 billion semiconductor manufacturing market in 2021, and makes more than 90% of the world’s most advanced microchips, according to the Capital Economics research group. And the company’s market share is only likely to expand. TSMC executives in a July earnings call projected 30% growth this year, which would put total annual revenue well over $70 billion.,American tech giants like Apple, Intel, NVIDIA, Qualcomm, AMD, and Broadcom, all rely on TSMC, while the US government depends on the Taiwanese supplier for some of the most critical and complex systems.,The Energy Department’s Argonne National Laboratory, a byproduct of the Manhattan project, for example, is building a national security supercomputer using TSMC because Intel was forced to delay production.,US-China Tensions Over TaiwanPelosi Meets Chair of World’s Largest Chipmaker in Taiwan Amid Increasing US-Chinese Tensions3 August, 11:41 GMT,Moreover, TSMC makes semiconductors for high-end weapons systems and a wide range of military-grade devices, a major factor in the US pressuring TSMC to move production to America’s shores, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) said in a June report.,The Biden administration in a supply chain review last summer even conceded that the United States is too heavily dependent on TSMC for producing America’s leading-edge semiconductors - a reality that led to the recently-passed CHIPS Act, signed by Biden on Monday, which provides more than $52 billion in subsidies for domestic manufacturers.,In July, former director of cybersecurity for the White House National Security Council, Zach Nunn, described the semiconductor shortage and lack of capacity as a "direct threat to America’s economy and national security.",Although Biden failed to prevent Pelosi's visit, he is apparently well aware of America’s vulnerabilities. The president stopped short of opposing the House Speaker publicly, but behind the scenes senior White House officials were dispatched to dissuade Pelosi from going, Bloomberg reported, and to halt the new bill that would provide billions in military aid to Taiwan.,Chip Race With China,Some experts have suggested China has shown restraint in punishing Taiwan economically because it could backfire. TSMC Chairman Mark Liu, who met Pelosi during her visit, told CNN Beijing will "think twice" about invading because China’s most advanced systems rely on his firm’s semiconductors. An invasion, Liu added, would render his company "not operable.",Part of the reason TSMC has an advantage is a near monopoly on the skill set needed to develop certain advanced microchips. This has been exacerbated by a global high-tech talent shortage amid soaring demand for software skills needed to program and integrate chips into fast-growing markets such as electric vehicles and robotics, according to a 2022 Deloitte industry outlook.,The US Chips Act allocates funding to develop these types of skills while Beijing has focused on enhancing such capabilities as part of the $1.4 trillion high tech investment plan it unveiled in 2020.,China Slams US Attempt to Ban Dutch Sales of Chipmaking Equipment6 July, 14:23 GMT,Although China today accounts for only 15% of global manufacturing in semiconductors, its chip companies are rapidly growing. Meanwhile, the US share of the market has dropped from 37% to 12%.,Freeman, who chairs an international business development firm, said Beijing’s aspirations go beyond simply developing manufacturing capabilities.,"The US still leads in chip design but China is also closing that gap rapidly and is already only a year or two behind us," Freeman said.,China, which currently produces one-third of global manufacturing, Freeman added, has the talent and skills to eventually take the lead in many technology and science-related sectors.,Freeman pointed out that Chinese universities produce four times as many students as the United States in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) - and the gap is widening.,"Many examples from history refute the complacent American assumption that only private companies in liberal democracies with free speech on political matters can be inventive," Freeman said. "History proves that myth is wrong. China is proving it is wrong again today."。

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