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A | On Tuesday, Algeria celebrated 60 years of independence from France, holding a grand military parade in the capital of Algiers. The parade, presided over by Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, included military aircraft, tanks, and warships.,Tebboune said the celebrations "bear the meanings of loyalty to the martyrs, and to the eternal message of November" 1954, when the great uprising against French rule began.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaMilitary vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officialsMilitary vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,© AFP 2022 / RYAD KRAMDIAlgerian soldiers parade down a street in the capital Algiers on July 5, 2022, as the country celebrates the 60th anniversary of its independence.Algerian soldiers parade down a street in the capital Algiers on July 5, 2022, as the country celebrates the 60th anniversary of its independence.© AFP 2022 / RYAD KRAMDI,On July 5, 1962, Algeria stood at the end of a long and bloody war against French colonialism, which had ruled the country for 132 years. The war that led to Algeria’s independence was launched on All Saints Day in 1954, although there had always been resistance movements fighting for freedom. The call for revolution came just months after the humiliating defeat of the French Foreign Legion at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu that spelled the end of French rule in Vietnam and Laos.,However, the Algerian war was more personal for the French, as Algeria was a French department, not formally a colony, and was home to more than a million pieds noirs, or French settlers, who formed a separate caste of Algerian society above the Arabs and Imazighen.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaArmored vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Armored vehicles are driven during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,© XinhuaAircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Aircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Xinhua,The French military waged a brutal war that included systematic torture against the Algerian revolutionaries, who responded with a guerrilla campaign punctuated with urban terrorist bombings. The formal French troops were complemented by irregular gangs of pieds noirs, who waged their own terror campaign against Arab towns. As the war raged on, desperate French military officers overthrew the government in Paris and abolished the Fourth Republic, creating a new constitution with a stronger executive and putting World War 2 military hero Charles de Gaulle in charge of it.,Still, French rule was not to last. The Algerian revolutionaries linked up with other peoples colonized by France across Africa, forming a network that jointly resisted French rule. Two years after they forced Paris into a humiliating referendum in which nearly every colony voted for independence, the Evian Accords in March 1962 granted freedom to Algeria beginning on July 5.,© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via XinhuaAircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.Aircraft are seen during a military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Algeria's independence in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on July 5, 2022. Algeria on Tuesday held a grand military parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its independence from French colonialism, with the attendance of senior local and foreign officials.© Algerian Ministry of National Defense/Handout via Xinhua,An estimated 1.5 million Algerians were killed by French forces during the conflict. Last year, French President Emmanuel Macron said there would be "no repentance nor apologies" for French rule in Algeria, but that he would support a “memories and truth” commission to “take a lucid look at the wounds of the past” and find a path to reconciliation.,Macron has made similar half-gestures toward reconciliation with other African nations, such as Rwanda, which was not a French colony but in which France was strongly involved in 1994, when the genocide of Tutsis and Twa by the Hutu Power government began.。 近日,首颗“雄安造”卫星“雄安一号”(鸿鹄03星),在东风商业航天创新试验区搭乘朱雀三号重复使用遥二运载火箭发射升空,标志着雄安空天信息和卫星互联网产业实现关键性突破。这颗卫星由落地雄安的商业航天企业自主研发制造,从产品下线到成功发射,历时近十个月。

B | 本期节目跟随记者视角,实地探访一线,记录卫星从雄安下线、出征,最终奔赴太空的完整历程。“雄安一号”的成功发射,见证新区持续完善航天产业生态,着力打造空天信息和卫星互联网产业集聚高地,为京津冀科创协同发展注入新动能。策划 | 张文君统筹 | 解丽达 曹 铮文案 | 郝金钰摄制 | 郝金钰 陈若琳。

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