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3 US economists win 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics_我的网站
A | 日报讯（记者解楚楚）为充分发挥失业保险功能作用，8月14日，省人社厅、省教育厅、省财政厅、省税务局联合印发《关于落实失业保险支持企业稳岗扩岗政策具体操作办法的通知》，明确落实失业保险稳岗返还政策、一次性扩岗补助政策和技能提升补贴政策内容，支持企业稳岗扩岗，助力劳动者提升职业技能。在落实失业保险稳岗返还政策方面，通知明确，参保企业累计足额缴纳失业保险费12个月以上，2025年度未裁员或裁员率（按照上年度新增领取失业保险金人数与上年度月均参加失业保险职工人数之比确定）不高于2025年度全国城镇调查失业率控制目标（5.5%），30人（含）以下的参保企业裁员率不高于参保职工总数20%的，可以按规定享受失业保险稳岗返还。社会组织、律师事务所、会计师事务所、以单位形式参保的个体工商户（以下简称“四类主体”）参照实施。 Stockholm, Oct 10 (UNI) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced Monday that three US-based economists won the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for research on banks and financial crises”.
The winners are Ben Bernanke, former head of the US Federal Reserve and currently with the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, Douglas Diamond of the University of Chicago and Philip Dybvig of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The winners share a prize of about $900,000.
The nobelprize.org put out a release saying:
"Their discoveries improved how society deals with financial crises
"This year’s laureates in the Economic Sciences, Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig, have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.
"Modern banking research clarifies why we have banks, how to make them less vulnerable in crises and how bank collapses exacerbate financial crises. The foundations of this research were laid by Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig in the early 1980s. Their analyses have been of great practical importance in regulating financial markets and dealing with financial crises.
"For the economy to function, savings must be channelled to investments. However, there is a conflict here: savers want instant access to their money in case of unexpected outlays, while businesses and homeowners need to know they will not be forced to repay their loans prematurely. In their theory, Diamond and Dybvig show how banks offer an optimal solution to this problem. By acting as intermediaries that accept deposits from many savers, banks can allow depositors to access their money when they wish, while also offering long-term loans to borrowers.
"However, their analysis also showed how the combination of these two activities makes banks vulnerable to rumours about their imminent collapse. If a large number of savers simultaneously run to the bank to withdraw their money, the rumour may become a self-fulfilling prophecy – a bank run occurs and the bank collapses. These dangerous dynamics can be prevented through the government providing deposit insurance and acting as a lender of last resort to banks.
"Diamond demonstrated how banks perform another societally important function. As intermediaries between many savers and borrowers, banks are better suited to assessing borrowers’ creditworthiness and ensuring that loans are used for good investments.
"Ben Bernanke analysed the Great Depression of the 1930s, the worst economic crisis in modern history. Among other things, he showed how bank runs were a decisive factor in the crisis becoming so deep and prolonged. When the banks collapsed, valuable information about borrowers was lost and could not be recreated quickly. Society’s ability to channel savings to productive investments was thus severely diminished.
"The laureates’ insights have improved our ability to avoid both serious crises and expensive bailouts,” says Tore Ellingsen, Chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences.
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was not included in Alfred Nobel's will, voanews.com reported.
It was established by the Swedish central bank in 1968 — and is officially the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel" to mark the bank’s 300th anniversary. It was first awarded in 1969 and has been funded by the bank since then.
UNI ING。
B | 大型企业按企业及其职工上年度实际缴纳失业保险费的30%返还，中小微企业按60%返还。2025年度平均参保人数300人及以上的四类主体按30%返还，300人以下的按60%返还。政策执行期限从2026年1月1日至12月31日。“稳岗返还资金可以用于职工生活补助、缴纳社会保险费、转岗培训、技能提升培训等稳定就业岗位以及降低生产经营成本支出。”省人社厅相关负责人表示。在落实一次性扩岗补助政策方面，通知明确，2026年度招用毕业年度及离校两年内未就业高校毕业生、16岁至24岁登记失业青年，签订劳动合同并为其足额缴纳3个月以上失业、工伤、职工养老保险费的企业和社会组织，可按每招用1人1500元的标准发放一次性扩岗补助。政策执行期限从2026年1月1日至12月31日。值得注意的是，同一人员身份信息只能享受1次一次性扩岗补助，不得跨企业、跨年度、跨地区、跨资金渠道重复享受。已由之前受雇企业享受或同一企业在以前年度及其他地区享受、已用于享受就业补助资金支出的一次性吸纳就业补贴或一次性扩岗补助的，相关人员信息不能再用于享受一次性扩岗补助。
C | 在落实技能提升补贴政策方面，通知明确，参加失业保险并累计缴费满12个月（含）以上的企业在职职工或领取失业保险金人员，取得列入急需紧缺职业（工种）目录、职业中类与所在企业行业类别一致、数字和绿色职业等级证书之一的，可按照初级（五级）证书1000元、中级（四级）证书1500元、高级（三级）证书2000元的标准申领技能提升补贴。领取失业保险金人员、正常参保缴费的企业职工，在证书核发之日起12个月内，可登录“人社一体化公共服务平台”或使用“人社”App申领技能提升补贴。政策执行期限从2026年1月1日至12月31日。
D | 同一职业（工种）同一等级只能申请并享受1次，不得和职业培训补贴重复享受。已持有同一职业（工种）高等级证书或享受相应补贴的，不再享受低等级证书补贴。
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Published on:04:06:15