剑雨
太空的第一座矿山，会挖什么,太空的第一座矿山，会挖什么_我的网站
一 | 李 扬 《人民日报》(2026年08月22日 第 06 版) 近来，“一颗小行星价值数万亿美元”等话题屡屡引发关注。如果未来人类真的在太空建起第一座矿山，会最先开采什么？答案或许出人意料：很可能不是昂贵的金属，而是水、氧，甚至是土壤。
二 | 谈到太空矿产，人们通常想到的是：地球资源越来越紧张，于是人类飞向月球或小行星开采矿产，再把资源运回地球。
三 | 这种设想并非完全没有道理。月球表面部分岩石含有钛、铁，也检测到稀土，不少小行星则含铁、镍和铂族金属等。
A Chinese shipping company has confirmed with the Global Times the plan to launch a regular container service via Russia's Northern Sea Route to Europe this week, marking a new Arctic option for Asia-Europe trade once it sets sail.
Chinese container shipping company Sea Legend Shipping told the Global Times on Tuesday that its vessel Dubai Tower, originally scheduled to depart Ningbo-Zhoushan Port in East China's Zhejiang Province, on August 15, has had its departure adjusted because of weather conditions. The company said it is making internal arrangements for the maiden voyage of the China-Europe Arctic Express Route.
According to industry observers, the move reflects growing interest in Arctic shipping as global logistics networks continue to diversify beyond traditional canal routes. As polar ice retreats and seasonal navigation windows widen, the Arctic is emerging as a practical alternative for some Asia-Europe shipments, particularly those seeking to avoid congested or geopolitically sensitive sea lanes.
On Monday, the Financial Times reported that Sea Legend would launch the first regular container shipping service through the Arctic this week. The report said the company has branded the service the "Ice Silk Road," a reference to the historical Silk Road linking China and Europe.
The move comes as Arctic shipping increases amid rapidly shrinking sea ice. The Northern Sea Route recorded a record 23 transits last summer, up from 15 in 2024, according to figures cited by the FT.
Sea Legend told the Global Times that, compared with traditional China-Europe routes that can take around 40 days, the Arctic passage could cut transit time by nearly half, reducing the journey to about 20 days under direct service conditions.
The inaugural voyage is expected to call at Qingdao Port, Shanghai Port, Taicang Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port in China before continuing to European ports including Teesport and Felixstowe in the UK, Hamburg in Germany and Gdynia in Poland. The final domestic calling sequence may still change due to typhoon-related weather conditions.
The service will carry cargo including energy storage containers and related components, power batteries and new energy vehicles - goods that typically require faster transit, stable schedules and controlled transport conditions.
Sea Legend said the Arctic route could offer exporters a new solution in terms of both speed and reliability, as traditional canal and mainline routes face growing uncertainty from congestion, geopolitical disruptions and longer port waiting times.
The company also said the route has cooperation agreements with destination terminals including Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Wilhelmshaven and Antwerp, giving vessels priority berthing and a "green channel" advantage that could reduce anchorage delays and logistics costs.
Zhong Zhechao, an international logistics service expert told the Global Times on Tuesday that the move highlights rising interest in using the Arctic region for shipping, with Arctic shipping gradually becoming a practical alternative in the global logistics network as melting ice expands seasonal navigation windows and shipping lines seek to avoid congested and geopolitically sensitive sea lanes.
For exporters - especially cross-border e-commerce firms, manufacturers of seasonal products, and new energy companies - shorter shipping times could ease inventory pressure and reduce working-capital costs by allowing more flexible production and sales planning.
Zhong said this may be particularly valuable for companies racing to meet European sales seasons, as shorter transit times improve responsiveness to overseas demand.
The company also said the Arctic's low-temperature environment may be especially suitable for transporting new energy products such as batteries and energy storage systems, which require heightened attention to safety and thermal-risk considerations during transit.
Looking ahead, Sea Legend aims to achieve roughly four months of stable annual operation within the next three to five years, with a longer-term goal of year-round Arctic navigation within five to ten years.
The launch underscores how Chinese shipping firms are accelerating their Arctic deployment, turning what was once a long-term vision into operational reality.
According to the Xinhua News Agency, in September 2025, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port launched its first China-Europe Arctic container express route. The move was expected to provide strong support for trade enterprises to expand into new international logistics channels, the port said.
In recent years, Arctic shipping routes have increasingly come under the spotlight in the international community and have the potential to become important routes in international trade, Lin Jian, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson, told a press conference in September 2025.
China stands ready to work with Russia and other Arctic states as well as interested countries to strengthen international cooperation on the building and operation of basic infrastructure along Arctic shipping routes and jointly advance the development and exploration of the routes and protect the environment there, Lin said.
。然而，从“有资源”到“能开采”，再到“值得运回地球”，仍隔着很长的距离。 判断一种资源是否值得开发，要综合考虑矿体规模、品位、赋存状态、开采方式、能源消耗、加工难度以及运输成本等。尤其在太空，开采和运输成本往往决定了一切。既然如此，为什么还要去太空采矿？其实，人类真正需要的，未必是把资源带回地球，而是让资源留在太空发挥作用。 今天，人类开展月球探测和深空探测，几乎所有物资都来自地球：宇航员饮用的水、呼吸所需的氧气，火箭燃料，科研设备……如果只是“打卡式”登陆月球，这种方式尚可维持；但如果要建立长期运行的月球科研站，并以月球作为继续探索火星和深空的基地，仅依靠地球不断补给，将越来越困难。
四 | 因此，各国航天机构近年来越来越关注一个概念：就地资源利用。 所谓“就地资源利用”，就是尽可能利用月球、火星或小行星当地已有的资源，生产人类所需要的产品，而不是什么都从地球运过去。在这种逻辑下，资源价值的标准发生了变化。在地球，一吨水没有太大经济价值；但在月球，一吨水可能比黄金更加珍贵。
五 | 同样，月壤也不只是普通的尘土。月壤中含有丰富的硅、铁、铝、钛以及与这些元素结合的氧。未来，人们有望利用加热、电解等方法提取月壤中的氧气和金属，并利用剩余材料铺设道路、建设着陆场，甚至作为三维打印建筑材料。 当然，实现这一目标并不容易。月球表面的高真空、剧烈温差、强辐射和低重力环境，都会给资源勘探、开采和加工带来巨大挑战。月球极区究竟储存了多少水冰？如何高效提取氧气？怎样利用月壤制造建筑材料？这些问题仍需要长期研究。当前太空资源研究最重要的任务，并不是急于给月球上的矿产标价，而是绘制更加精确的资源地图。
六 | 近年来，中国嫦娥工程不断取得突破，带回了珍贵的月球样品，为认识月球物质组成、资源分布和形成历史提供了重要依据。未来，随着国际月球科研站等重大工程逐步推进，对月球资源的科学认识将成为深空探测的重要基础。
七 | 从石器时代到青铜时代，再到工业时代，人类不断发现新的资源，也重新定义“矿”的含义。今天，当探索的边界从地球延伸到月球和火星，这个古老的概念也正在发生变化。从“地球补给”走向“就地取材”，看似只是采矿地点的变化，实际上意味着人类探索宇宙方式的一次深刻变革。 (作者为北京大学地球与空间科学学院副教授)。
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Published on:06:55:21